The War of Polish Succession is one of the less known European conflicts of the 18 century, despite the fact that in the hostilities were engaged all main Powers & actions proceeded in Poland, Italy & Rhine.

In the meantime, in retaliation for the Austrian support of Augustus III, France in 1733 had declared war on Charles VI. Spain and Sardinia, viewing the war as an opportunity to make territorial gains in Italy at the expense of Austria, which then held large parts of the peninsula, allied themselves with France. Spanish forces invaded Austrian-held Lombardy (Lombardia), Naples, and Sicily. The French invaded the duchy of Lorraine, then part of the Holy Roman Empire, and also engaged in indecisive fighting with the forces of Charles VI on the upper Rhine River.

The war was terminated by the Treaty of Vienna, negotiated in 1735, but not ratified until 1738. The treaty had four principal provisions:

• Stanislaw was to renounce the Polish throne, which was to remain in possession of Augustus III; in return Stanislaw became duke of Lorraine and Bar, both of which duchies were to revert to France after his death;
• the deposed Francis Stephen, duke of Lorraine (later Francis I, Holy Roman emperor), was compensated by being made grand duke of Tuscany;
• Austria ceded Naples and Sicily to Spain and in exchange received the duchies of Parma and Piacenza, which had come into Spanish possession in 1731;
• France, at the instance of Charles VI, guaranteed the Pragmatic Sanction, the agreement, formulated by Charles in 1713, which declared that in default of male issue on his part, the hereditary Habsburg territories, which included the duchy of Austria and the kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary, were to descend to his daughter Maria Theresa.

This were the results of the short & not-bloody War of Polish Succession.